While it’s common to think that areas with wet or constantly moist soil aren’t suitable for planting, the truth is there are many plants that thrive in such conditions. These plants not only tolerate excess moisture but can even help absorb and filter out unwanted water. This makes them perfect for areas prone to erosion from runoff or low-lying spots that tend to puddle.
If you’re looking to transform a frequently flooded area into a beautiful haven, keep reading to discover the ideal plants for the job.
Picking Plants for Wet Areas
When it comes to successful gardening, selecting the ideal plants for specific areas is crucial. Areas prone to standing water or frequent flooding can be challenging for many plant species, as they often struggle with excess moisture. However, this doesn’t mean you’re limited to bare dirt. Instead, focus on plants that thrive in these conditions and can even help mitigate issues like erosion.
Wet or moist soil can support a wide range of plants, including trees, shrubs, flowers, or a mix of species. The key is choosing the right ones for your specific situation. Many plant varieties have cultivars better suited to extra moisture, so it’s worth consulting with local experts to determine which options will work best in your area. Keep in mind that this list primarily features plants tolerant of wet, moist, or boggy soil, which can be distinct from those adapted to growing in water.
If you’re interested in creating a water garden or cultivating edible plants in a boggy area, we’ve got guides and resources available for those topics as well.
Trees That Are Good For Wet Areas
When it comes to planting trees in areas with excessive moisture or water saturation, prioritizing safety is crucial. When strong winds are a possibility, select tree species that won’t outgrow their space and avoid those with shallow root systems. This will prevent the risk of uprooted trees due to compromised soil conditions.
Black Gum
The Black Gum tree (Nyssa sylvatica) is adaptable to USDA Growing Zones 3-9, thriving in conditions ranging from full sun to partial shade. Its mature height reaches up to 50 feet tall and spreads around 30 feet wide. While there are distinct varieties showcasing diverse colors and forms, all share the benefit of being relatively low-maintenance. The tree’s deep taproot allows it to extract water during droughts or withstand flooding, making it a resilient addition to any landscape.
River Birch
While river birch (Betula nigra) excels in moist or wet soil conditions, its heat tolerance makes it a versatile choice for many southern regions. Its hardiness extends from USDA Zones 4-9. This adaptable tree can also thrive in dry soil, making it an ideal candidate for areas that experience seasonal fluctuations between wet and dry conditions. To ensure optimal growth, be sure to mulch around the tree during periods of dry summer ground.
Bald Cyprus
While photographs of bald cypress trees often depict them thriving in flooded areas covered in lush moss, it’s no surprise that these plants have a special affinity for water. In fact, they’re just as comfortable growing in moist soil as they are in wet conditions. With a hardiness range spanning Zones 4-9, this remarkable tree is capable of flourishing in a variety of environments.
Bald cypress trees (Taxodium distichum) may grow at a glacial pace, but their ultimate height can be truly staggering – reaching heights of up to 120 feet over the course of many years. And as if that weren’t impressive enough, these ancient plants have been known to live for an astonishing 600 years or more.
White Cedar
The Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) is a recognizable species due to its affinity for growing in swampy environments. While mature trees can reach heights exceeding 100 feet, enthusiasts may be pleased to discover dwarf varieties available at specialty nurseries, which cap out at around 5-6 feet tall. To thrive, this tree requires zones 3-8 and an ideal climate featuring ample sunlight and moisture.
Weeping Willow
The stately weeping willow (Salix babylonica) may have a reputation for being brittle, but this can be attributed to its rapid growth. While it’s best planted on the periphery of your water feature, ensuring there are no nearby obstructions such as buildings, septic tanks, or underground cables, the tree’s fast-growing root system is actually an advantage in areas like ponds and streams where a few fallen branches won’t cause concern.
Despite being a magnet for pests when unhealthy, the weeping willow is undeniably majestic when thriving. If you’re determined to cultivate one in your yard, as its beauty is undeniable, regular spraying may be necessary to keep it healthy. As a Zone 6-8 tree, the weeping willow is an excellent choice for those who want to add a touch of elegance to their water features.
Red Maple
The Red Maple (Acer rubrum), also known as the red maple, is a highly sought-after tree in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 9. While it can reach heights of up to 70 feet, its smaller hybrid and cultivar varieties offer more compact options. Notably, these trees thrive in moist soil conditions and can even tolerate brief periods of wet roots.
Ash
Ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 3-9, where they luxuriate in moist to wet soil conditions. While they prefer a consistent level of moisture, brief periods of wetness are also well-tolerated. Notably, these arboreal wonders boast stunning flowers and can reach remarkable heights of up to 130 feet tall, with some species exhibiting varying growth patterns.
Oriental Arborvitae
Native to East Asia, Oriental arborvitae has gained popularity worldwide through cultivation. Specifically, it thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 6-11 across the US. Interestingly, many varieties of this species remain compact, with some even developing into shrubs rather than full-fledged trees.
Freeman Maple
The Freeman Maple (Acer × freemanii) is a breathtakingly beautiful deciduous tree that thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3-7. This stunning specimen is a result of combining the sturdiness of Silver Maples with the vibrant coloration of Red Maples, producing a strong and robust tree with a striking red hue. Additionally, its tolerance for flooding and runoff makes it an excellent choice for landscaping near waterways or areas prone to heavy rainfall.
Swamp Cottonwood
Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla) is a versatile tree species that excels in the unique environment of swampy areas. When it comes to growing conditions, this variety thrives in zones 5-9, but nurseries may offer hybrids that can adapt to different climates for gardeners outside these regions.
Shrubs That Are Good For Wet Areas
For those who don’t have the space or inclination for trees in humid environments, there are numerous stunning shrub options to explore. With their diverse range of sizes and forms, they can be used in combination with trees to create a unique and captivating landscape feature.
American Cranberry Bush
Viburnum trilobum, a cold-hardy shrub, typically reaches heights of around 12 feet in USDA zones 2-7. While it thrives in moist soil that’s not quite submerged in water, it can withstand occasional flooding. When planted in full sun, this resilient plant produces berries ideal for incorporating into jams and jellies. For detailed guidance on cultivating these edible gems in wet or dry conditions, consult our comprehensive resource.
Spicebush
The eastern United States is home to a deciduous shrub with a unique fragrance that releases when its leaves, fruit, or twigs are crushed. This shrub can grow up to 12 feet tall and thrives in both full sun and shady conditions. Spicebush (Lindera benzoin) is hardy enough to be grown in USDA Zones 4 through 9.
Red Twig Dogwood
The red twig or red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) is an adaptable plant that thrives in zones 2 to 7, tolerating cold temperatures and reasonable heat levels. Its hardiness allows it to flourish in both full sun and full shade conditions. This low-maintenance species requires minimal fertilization and pruning efforts, making it an excellent choice for riverbanks, swamps, areas with moist soil, and wet environments.
Summersweet
Summer-sweet (Clethra alnifolia) thrives in environments with ample moisture, shunning hot and arid conditions. Its sweet fragrance is an irresistible draw for birds and pollinators alike. This versatile hedge option excels in USDA Growing Zones 3 to 9, where it can develop a robust root system despite the wet conditions, rendering it an excellent choice for areas that require a reliable and hardy plant.
Buttonbush
Known by various names such as buttonwillow or pond dogwood (Cephalanthus occidentalis), this moisture-loving plant is a haven for geese, shorebirds, and ducks. With the ability to thrive in USDA Growing Zones 5 to 10, it’s an ideal choice for creating a welcoming environment that attracts these birds. Once planted, simply let it flourish and enjoy the benefits of having these feathered friends visiting your space.
Plants That Are Good For Wet Areas
When it comes to brightening up a spot with damp soil, you’re spoiled for choice. Whether your outdoor space is basking in the warmth of full sun or thriving in the dappled shade, there’s a plant perfect for the job. And if you’ve got an area that’s constantly soggy or just gets a little splashy from time to time, don’t worry – we’ve got options that’ll thrive in those conditions too.
Bee Balm
Bee balm (Monarda spp.) thrives in consistently moist environments, making it an ideal choice for areas with high humidity. Avoid planting it in dry soil that may cause the roots to dry out, as this can be detrimental to its health. Instead, opt for well-draining soil that retains moisture. Bee balm is suitable for USDA Growing zones 4 to 9.
Daylily
When it comes to thriving in wet conditions, daylilies (Hemerocallis spp.) are one of the best options, alongside clay soils. These adaptable plants will happily absorb excess water in the soil and can tolerate a wide range of moisture levels. One of their greatest advantages is their low-maintenance nature – they can generally be left to grow without much attention. As such, daylilies are suitable for gardeners in USDA Hardiness Zones 4-9.
Violet
Surrounding water sources and damp soil, violets (Viola spp.) flourish as vibrant ground cover options. While some species can become invasive if left unchecked, many varieties prove to be excellent choices for wet areas. In fact, hardy cultivars thrive in Zones 2-11, frequently naturalizing and springing up in unexpected spots, making them a delightful addition to any landscape.
Marsh Marigold
If your yard features a spongy bog, don’t despair! For gardeners residing in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 through 7, marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) offers a perfect solution. This low-maintenance perennial thrives in environments with high moisture levels and is particularly well-suited for areas bordering waterlogged sections of your landscape.
Horsetail
The striking Equisetum spp., commonly known as horsetail, is a water-loving plant that propagates through rhizomes underground, even when the soil is saturated. While native to North America, it can exhibit invasive tendencies. Despite this, its unique characteristics make it an attractive option for gardeners seeking plants that thrive in wet or moist conditions, often where other species struggle to survive. Horsetail grows well in Zones 4-9 and tolerates full sun or partial shade.
For those looking to cultivate a diverse range of plants, horsetail is a worthwhile consideration for areas with poor drainage.
Southern Blue Flag
Iris virginica, also referred to as southern blue flag, thrives in environments characterized by very wet and acidic soil conditions. Its intolerance of dry soil makes it an ideal choice for boggy areas where waterlogged soil is prevalent. A deer-resistant variety, Iris virginica can be found growing wild in Zones 5-9, drawing pollinators and hummingbirds to your garden with its attractive blooms.
Flowering Rush
If you have shallow, slow-moving water on hand, look no further than the flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) for a plant that thrives in such conditions. However, it’s essential to exercise caution when introducing this species to your ecosystem, as it can be notoriously difficult to eradicate once established. Additionally, make sure you’re allowed to cultivate it in your area, as it has been banned as an invasive species in some regions.
Despite these considerations, flowering rush is a popular choice among bees and butterflies, which are drawn to its nectar-rich blooms. Furthermore, it’s valued for its ability to act as a natural water filter in USDA Hardiness Zones 3-10. To ensure optimal growth, plant the flowering rush in full sun or partial shade, but be prepared to provide plenty of water to keep it happy.
Water Canna
Water-loving canna (Canna glauca) flourishes in wet soil or water up to 12 inches deep. In zones with mild winters, such as 7-10, this plant is easy to overwinter. However, in zones 5 and 6, it’s best to grow canna in pots and bring them indoors during the winter if possible. One notable characteristic of this plant is its ability to spread underground through rhizomes, resulting in new plants emerging each year.
Rose Mallow
Rose mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos) is a hardy perennial that flourishes in USDA Zones 4-9, where it’s naturally found throughout much of North America. Its affinity for swampy environments has earned it another common name: swamp rose mallow. This versatile plant produces showstopping pink, white, or rose flowers, which can be enjoyed in partial shade or full sun as long as it receives ample moisture.
As such, it’s an ideal choice for areas with proximity to bodies of water, such as stream or river banks.
Monkey Flower
In the wild, you can find Bright Yellow Monkey Flower (Mimulus ringens) thriving in North America’s Zones 3-9. This charming plant can be easily sourced from specialty nurseries. Most gardeners opt to cultivate it in well-drained to moist soil to enjoy its vibrant blooms, which make a stunning display throughout the spring and fall seasons. Surprisingly, Monkey Flower is also adaptable to boggy conditions, making it an excellent choice for gardeners with varied soil types.
As an added bonus, local wildlife such as Buckeye Butterflies will greatly appreciate your efforts in planting this species, as it serves as a vital host plant for their young.
Sweet Woodruff
Sweet woodruff, Galium odoratum, is a highly sought-after groundcover for both dry and wet soil conditions. This resilient plant boasts delicate white blooms throughout the spring and summer seasons. Its adaptability allows it to thrive in full shade or partial shade, making it an ideal choice for gardens located within USDA Hardiness Zones 4-8.
Crinum Lily
The Crinum lily (Crinum spp.) is renowned for its vibrant array of colors, boasting large, fragrant blooms that can flourish in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-11. This adaptable species excels in both moisture-rich and dry soil conditions, making it an excellent choice for areas prone to flooding or with varying water levels.
Grasses That Are Good For Wet Areas
When incorporating native plant species into your landscape design, don’t overlook the humble grasses. These low-growing, adaptable plants excel at stabilizing soil erosion and filling in boggy areas with lush, verdant coverage. By incorporating them into your wetland or bog garden, you’ll not only add visual interest but also promote ecological balance.
Cordgrass
Cordgrass (Spartina spp.) stands out with its impressive height of up to seven feet, evoking a coastal atmosphere in wet environments. This fast-spreading grass thrives in creating habitats for various bird species. While it can tolerate submerged conditions, cordgrass truly flourishes in moist and boggy soil types. For optimal growth, plant this hardy grass in USDA Zones 5-11.
Indiangrass
For gardeners with moist or wet soil conditions, Sorghastrum nutans, also known as Indiangrass, is an ideal choice. This warm-season grass thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 4 through 9, and its deep roots make it particularly well-suited for windy areas.
Lovegrass
Among the many species of lovegrass (Eragrostis spp.), several excel in swampy environments. Two native North American varieties, Eliott’s lovegrass (E. elliottii) and purple lovegrass (E. spectabilis), are notable for their compact growth habit, reaching under two feet in height. The latter boasts striking purple seedheads atop tall stalks, whereas the former displays a delicate beige cloud of seedheads.
In contrast, blue lovegrass (unspecified species) stands out with its three-foot stems and four-foot flowers, featuring blue-green blades and golden-brown seedheads that emerge in late summer and fall. Most lovegrasses thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 7-9.
Frank’s Sedge
Frank’s Sedge (Carex frankii) is an indigenous plant species found in certain regions of North America, thriving within USDA Hardiness Zones 5-8. Characterized by its light green foliage and bristly spikelets that emerge during the summer months, this plant is well-suited for environments with partial to full sun exposure and moist to wet soil conditions.
Palm Sedge
Palm sedge (Carex muskingumensis) is a native grass in North America that thrives in zones 4-8. Its unique characteristic is the glossy green leaves that emerge from a central stem, giving it a palm-like appearance at first glance. The plant’s bronze seedheads add an extra layer of visual interest. To get your hands on this stunning beauty, check with specialty nurseries to find out where you can purchase it.
Palm sedge grows well in both sun and shade, and its damp soil requirements make it an excellent choice for areas that receive moderate moisture. Each plant typically reaches a height of two to three feet, making it suitable as a border plant or groundcover. If you’re looking for some added variety, you can find different versions at specialty nurseries, each with unique colors and heights.
Fox Sedge
In regions of North America, where wetland environments thrive, Carex vulpinoidea – commonly known as fox sedge – can be found growing wild in lush, verdant clumps. Its striking bronze seedheads emerge in midsummer, adding a pop of color to the landscape. This versatile green is ideal for incorporation into rain gardens or wet areas, particularly in USDA Hardiness Zones 3-8.
