When it comes to gardening in limited spaces, versatility is a valuable trait. By choosing plants that serve multiple purposes, you can grow your own food and medicine while also adding visual appeal to your outdoor space. In this context, species that are edible, medicinal, and aesthetically pleasing are particularly valuable. Here, we’ve compiled a list of 23 plants that excel in at least two of these areas, often exceeding expectations by fulfilling all three criteria.
Vegetables, Grains, and Culinary Herbs
If you’re fortunate enough to tend to a vibrant vegetable garden, you may be surprised to discover that many of your favorite plants possess impressive medicinal properties. Beyond their culinary uses, these everyday edibles can also provide a range of health benefits. Let’s take a closer look at some common examples:
Corn (Zea mays)
The silk wrapping around corn cobs not only boasts a soft, silky texture but also harbors a plethora of medicinal properties. One notable example is its ability to treat urinary tract infections and cystitis when brewed into an infusion. This tradition of using corn silk tea has been passed down for centuries by North American First peoples, often combining it with kinnikinnick (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaves.
Furthermore, studies have revealed that corn silk tea can effectively lower blood sugar levels. When paired with marshmallow root (Althaea officinalis), it has also been shown to alleviate the pain and inflammation associated with kidney stone passage.
Cayenne peppers (Capsicum annuum)
The fiery heat of cayenne pepper is well-known, thanks to its high concentration of capsaicin. This unique compound has been shown to have analgesic properties, making it a potential natural remedy for alleviating pain and inflammation. For individuals with arthritis in their hands, creating a warming arnica and cayenne pepper salve can be an effective way to reduce symptoms. Beyond its painkilling effects, cayenne peppers also possess stimulating and anti-inflammatory properties.
Research suggests that these benefits may extend to reducing the risk of certain types of cancer, preventing blood clots, and even lowering blood pressure, making them a potentially valuable addition to any health regimen.
Garlic (Allium sativum)
Garlic’s versatility is no surprise, given its impressive array of health benefits. This humble bulb has been used medicinally for thousands of years, both externally to treat skin conditions and internally to address various health issues. When consumed, garlic has been shown to strengthen the immune system, promote cardiovascular well-being, eliminate parasites, and even help combat certain cancers, as a recent study reveals.
Additionally, when applied topically, garlic can effectively eradicate fungal infections like athlete’s foot and candida/thrush, while also accelerating the healing process for suppurating wounds.
Oats (Avena sativa)
For those struggling with anxiety, depression, or feelings of depletion, milky oats may offer a natural remedy. These versatile grains are simple to cultivate and provide a calming nervine support that can help restore balance to the nervous system. Their gentle sedative properties make them suitable for individuals of all ages. When cultivating milky oats, it’s essential to harvest the seed heads at the right time.
Typically, this occurs in mid-to-late spring or early summer, depending on your location. During this brief window, pinch the seed heads to collect the valuable ‘milky’ latex that is rich in nervine properties. Timing is crucial, as the opportunity to harvest these grains is short-lived. Once harvested, milky oats can be prepared in a variety of ways to promote relaxation and well-being.
Popular methods include brewing them as a tea or tincture, or infusing them into a calming bath soak using a muslin sachet.
Onion (Allium cepa)
Onions, like garlic, possess a plethora of antibiotic and antibacterial properties. Notably, red onions also exhibit significant antispasmodic effects, making them an effective natural remedy for alleviating body-shaking coughs that disrupt sleep. To create an onion syrup, finely mince or slice about one cup of onions and combine with a couple of tablespoons of Monarda or thyme (fresh or dried).
You can follow Kiva Rose’s recipe by mixing the ingredients in a jar and adding enough honey to cover everything, or adopt your grandmother’s approach by layering the mixture with honey added in between. Ultimately, trust your instincts and adapt the recipe to suit your needs. Allow the mixture to sit at room temperature for 12 hours or overnight, then take spoonfuls as needed.
Sage (Salvia officinalis)
In a remarkable coincidence, the same garden sage commonly used in poultry stuffing has been found to possess potent antiviral properties. Research has highlighted its extraordinary effectiveness against a range of viral infections currently affecting individuals worldwide. As a hardy herb that thrives almost anywhere, it’s an essential addition to any medicinal herb garden.
Its versatility is further demonstrated by its ability to exhibit both warming and cooling effects depending on the individual consuming it, accompanied by drying/astringent properties. This unique combination makes sage an ideal remedy for expediting mucus clearance, reducing swelling, and alleviating symptoms associated with menopause, such as hot flashes. Moreover, it has been shown to successfully treat urinary tract issues.
Fruit Trees, Bushes, and Vines
Not only do your edible plants provide sustenance, but many of them also possess impressive medicinal qualities. In fact, some of the very same bushes and trees you’ve cultivated for their fruit or leaves can be used to treat various ailments.
Wild Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Wild cherry, although less prevalent than cultivated varieties, boasts stunning, fragrant blossoms that drapingly unfold across lawns each spring. This understated gem excels at calming overwhelming stress and anxiety, possessing a trifecta of nervine effects within its bark, flowers, and leaves. When faced with a full-blown panic attack or seething anger threatening to shatter a window frame, wild cherry can swiftly soothe the turbulent emotions.
Its therapeutic properties also extend to the cardiovascular realm, where it promotes circulation, alleviates heart palpitations, and gently calms anxiety-induced gastrointestinal issues. Notably, some individuals harness its potency to mitigate gut inflammation associated with celiac or Crohn’s disease, as well as alleviate menopause-related hot flashes and hormonal flux-induced heat waves.
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra, Sambucus canadensis)
Elderberries are often associated with their sweet and tangy flavors, but they also possess remarkable anti-viral properties. In fact, studies have consistently shown that elderberries exhibit impressive capabilities in rendering viral infections non-infectious. One notable study published in 2014 found that black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) was able to effectively combat viral bronchitis, rendering it non-transmissible and preventing the spread of the virus within the body.
This remarkable property highlights the incredible versatility of elderberries, which are already enjoyed by many for their culinary uses.
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata)
This ornamental vine is a popular choice for decorative gardens, but its significance extends far beyond aesthetics. The plant’s nervine properties have earned it a revered status in the realm of natural health remedies. Its anxiolytic components are remarkably potent, boasting efficacy comparable to that of benzodiazepines, as evidenced by numerous studies that have investigated its potential therapeutic benefits in addressing anxiety and insomnia.
Peach (Prunus persica)
Peach trees are often valued for their succulent fruit, but the various parts of this tree possess remarkable healing properties as well. The twigs, bark, flowers, and leaves of the peach tree have a range of benefits, including cooling, moistening, balancing, and neuroprotective effects. These properties make it a valuable treatment option for a variety of physical and emotional concerns.
One notable application is its ability to calm anxiety and alleviate feelings of being overwhelmed or stretched too thin. Additionally, it can help soothe nausea and morning sickness, as well as ease the discomfort caused by insect bites. I’ve found it particularly effective in treating fire ant bites, and it’s also been a useful remedy for more serious conditions like brown recluse bites.
Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus)
The beauty of red berries isn’t just limited to their sweet and tangy taste. The leaves of these luscious plants are equally impressive when it comes to nutrition and medicine. While not typically considered edible due to their fuzzy texture, the leaves are surprisingly rich in essential nutrients like iron, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamin C. You can boost the nutritional value of your bone broth by adding them or brew a soothing tea to reap these benefits.
Beyond their nutritional value, the leaves have been used for centuries to alleviate various health issues. Their anti-inflammatory properties make them an effective natural remedy for menstrual cramps and pain, as well as gut colic. Additionally, they can help ease digestive issues like diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and cystitis by acting as mild astringents.
The next time you indulge in a delicious bowl of raspberries, remember that the plant itself is an incredibly versatile and valuable resource.
Ornamental Plants, Trees, and Shrubs
Did you know that the ornamental plants you’ve carefully selected for their aesthetic appeal can also provide medicinal benefits? It’s possible that some of these very same species are already thriving in your garden, awaiting discovery.
Bee Balm (Monarda spp.)
Bee balm is often grown in gardens for its attractive flowers and ability to attract pollinators, but this versatile herb has another impressive attribute: it’s a potent medicinal. Its properties can be both warming or cooling, stimulating or relaxing, depending on how it’s used and the individual. The herb’s high thymol content makes it effective against bacterial and fungal infections.
Studies have shown its potential to treat various conditions, including yeast infections, mild blood poisoning, gut issues caused by E. coli, upper respiratory infections, sinus infections, and even strep throat. While some of these conditions may require conventional antibiotics for full recovery, bee balm can help alleviate symptoms and prevent the infection from getting worse until medical treatment is available.
Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.)
For centuries, growers have utilized these stunning multi-purpose plants as hedges due to their striking white and pink hues. Beyond their aesthetic appeal, the bark and berries of these plants have been employed to modulate heart rate and bolster cardiovascular health in general.
The sedative properties inherent within these plants have also been found to alleviate menopausal symptoms, mitigate migraines and insomnia, and reduce high blood pressure, as a study published in the esteemed journal Molecules has conclusively demonstrated.
Peony (Paeonia lactiflora)
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), white peony root is a highly valued component known as Baishao. It’s been utilized for centuries to address a range of health concerns, including liver inflammation, gut spasms, premenstrual syndrome, irritability, and anxiety. The root boasts impressive properties, boasting anti-spasmodic, carminative, nervine, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Its versatility has led to its use in treating numerous issues over the centuries.
When used in conjunction with Bupleurum chinense, also known as Chaihu, a formula called Chaihu- Baishao is created. Notably, this combination has been shown to be remarkably effective in treating depression. However, it’s essential to note that Paeonia spp. should only be employed under the guidance and supervision of a trained naturopathic doctor, TCM practitioner, or experienced herbalist.
Roses (Rosa spp.)
While roses are often associated with romance and beauty, they also possess a range of medicinal qualities. The petals and hips of these flowers are not only edible but also boast anti-inflammatory properties when used topically to alleviate redness or swelling caused by rosacea or acne. When consumed as tea, rose water can even provide a mood-boosting effect due to its antidepressant properties.
Furthermore, rose petal tea has been found to have mild sedative and antispasmodic effects, making it an effective natural remedy for alleviating menstrual cramps and digestive colic associated with conditions like celiac disease or Crohn’s disease. This multifaceted flower truly is a treasure trove of health benefits.
Violets (Viola spp.)
Violets and their close relatives, violas and heartsease, are versatile plants that can thrive as groundcover alternatives to traditional lawn options. They’re particularly well-suited for areas with dappled shade, where they’ll still receive the right amount of sunlight to flourish. What’s more, these charming flowers have a multitude of uses beyond mere decoration. Not only do they boast impressive medicinal properties, but their various parts are also edible.
Try incorporating them into your culinary routine by making violet jelly or adding candied violets to baked goods. The young leaves make for a delicious addition to salads, while older leaves can be used to add depth to soups. As for their medicinal applications, these plants have a cooling and moistening effect that makes them ideal for alleviating discomfort from ‘hot’ conditions.
A fresh poultice can provide welcome relief from burns, boils, and eczema, while syrups and infusions may offer expectorant support to soothe sore throats and bronchitis.
Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
This versatile ornamental plant boasts stunning bright yellow blooms and is renowned for its impressive medicinal attributes. Not only does it resist deer damage, but its leaves, bark, and twigs harbour potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, making them a popular inclusion in skincare formulations. The extract itself serves as a gentle skin toner, capable of addressing various afflictions including ear infections, acne, boils, and insect bites.
Its soothing, astringent, and anti-inflammatory characteristics also make it an effective compress treatment for relieving hemorrhoid discomfort. Moreover, some midwives suggest using this plant’s extract to ease perineal soreness and promote healing following natural childbirth.
White Willow (Salix alba)
The humble white willow tree has been a source of natural pain relief for centuries. Its inner bark and cambium layers are rich in salicylic acid, which boasts anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. This same compound was later isolated and refined into the widely used medication, Aspirin tablets. The willow tree’s versatility doesn’t stop at its medicinal benefits – its flexible branches can be used to craft beautiful baskets and trellises for climbing plants like tomatoes.
Juniper (Juniperus spp.)
Junipers are a versatile choice for any garden, thriving in arid environments yet equally well-suited to other conditions. This adaptability has earned them a reputation as one of the most popular ornamental plants in the US. What’s more surprising is that many juniper species have been used for centuries by Native Americans for their medicinal properties. Recent studies have further validated the genus’ effectiveness as a nutraceutical.
The various parts of the plant, including bark, cones, and leaves, can be utilized medicinally, with the leaves capable of being brewed into a flavorful tea and the cones serving as a tasty snack. This multi-purpose nature makes junipers a truly remarkable plant.
Purple Coneflower (Echinacea spp.)
Echinacea’s reputation as a natural cold remedy is well-deserved, backed by scientific evidence that suggests it can help reduce the duration of illness. Moreover, its stunning appearance in gardens makes it a popular choice among floral enthusiasts. Furthermore, all parts of the plant – including the flower, roots, and leaves (although the latter tend to be tough and hairy) – are edible, solidifying its status as a versatile and practical addition to any garden.
Cover Crops
Gardeners frequently utilize certain plants to rejuvenate exhausted soil conditions. By scattering their seeds across fields that will remain fallow for the season and then mowing them when they’ve reached partial maturity, these crops can help replenish essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, and more. This practice is referred to as ‘green manure’ and offers a highly effective method of revitalizing depleted areas.
Furthermore, many cover crop plants also possess valuable medicinal properties. When sowing such crops for the purpose of green manuring, consider harvesting a selection to supplement your apothecary cabinet in addition.
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)
Comfrey’s multifaceted benefits extend far beyond its reputation as a soil conditioner and nutrient replenisher. This versatile plant has been utilized for centuries as a natural remedy, boasting impressive results in treating various medical conditions. Topical applications of comfrey poultices and compresses have proven particularly effective in alleviating joint pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.
Research also suggests that these treatments can accelerate bone healing, reduce pain, swelling, and bruising following injuries. While the edibility of comfrey remains a topic of debate, it’s generally recommended to utilize its medicinal properties topically, avoiding potential liver toxicity concerns. The risk of mistakenly consuming foxglove leaves, which resemble comfrey in appearance, further underscores the importance of reserving comfrey for external applications.
Dandelions (Taraxacum spp.)
In many ways, dandelions are the unsung heroes of soil health and edible gardening. Like comfrey, their long taproots make them an ideal choice for breaking up compacted clay-rich soils, allowing for improved aeration and water penetration. As cover crops, they’re incredibly valuable, but they also have a secret life as nutrient-dense wild vegetables and medicinal allies. Every part of the dandelion plant is edible, making it a versatile addition to any garden or kitchen.
Raw or sautéed with garlic and olive oil, the leaves are packed with iron, which can help combat anemia when consumed regularly. When brewed into a tea, they also stimulate the liver and kidneys to flush out toxins. Additionally, root tea has been traditionally used to treat liver issues like jaundice, cirrhosis, and hepatitis, while the whole plant is said to possess anti-inflammatory properties.
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
Red clover is a remarkable legume that not only enhances soil’s nitrogen levels when sown but also boasts impressive medicinal properties. Its reputation as a natural remedy has been solidified through studies demonstrating its effectiveness in alleviating symptoms associated with menopause, such as hot flashes and night sweats. Additionally, red clover can be used to treat skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis topically.
Furthermore, the plant’s composition includes anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds like eugenol, myricetin, and salicylic acid, which have been shown to reduce pain and swelling, making it a valuable natural remedy for various health issues.
A Word of Caution:
Before exploring the medicinal properties of these versatile plants, it’s crucial to conduct thorough research and ensure you’ve accurately identified the plant species. Additionally, consult with your healthcare practitioner to determine whether the plant parts might trigger allergies or interact with medications you’re currently taking.
It’s also essential to exercise caution when using herbal remedies during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as certain compounds can stimulate uterine contractions or pass through breast milk. If in doubt, consider consulting a qualified herbalist or naturopathic doctor before making any decisions about using these plants medicinally.
