Imagine strolling through your backyard on a chilly day, surrounded by the lush, vibrant hues of a tropical oasis. Sounds like a distant dream in cooler climates? Not anymore! With some careful planning and the right plant selection, you can bring the tropics to your doorstep. I know the feeling – returning from a tropical getaway only to be greeted with the harsh reality of a cold and barren landscape. But what if you could bridge that gap?
By incorporating cold-hardy tropical plants into your garden design, you can create a stunning retreat that’s both functional and visually striking. So why not set sail on this adventure and discover how to turn your backyard into a tropical paradise?
Tropical Plants That Are Cold Hardy
In tropical environments, the warm and humid climate fosters lush and vibrant plant life. The consistent heat and humidity allow these plants to thrive, often growing to enormous sizes seemingly overnight. With average nighttime temperatures rarely dipping below 50ºF, the conditions are perfect for tropical flora to flourish. While rain is also a common feature in these regions, it’s the unique combination of warmth and moisture that makes them so well-suited for growth.
To recreate this ambiance, consider incorporating natural elements like pergolas, hammocks, or strategically placed outdoor seating areas, complementing your plant selection with these touches will bring the tropical feel to life.
Hardy Banana
When selecting a plant to thrive in challenging climates, I was drawn to the hardy banana due to its striking tropical foliage. The leaves are susceptible to freezing temperatures below 28ºF, but with proper care, the underground rhizomes can survive and regrow the following year. In ideal conditions, these plants can grow up to 20 feet tall, with individual leaves reaching lengths of 12 feet.
The yellow banana-like flower spikes that follow are inedible, but they do add a pop of color to the plant’s landscape. To ensure the hardy banana survives and thrives even in extremely cold areas, I recommend taking extra precautions to protect the stem. To start, choose two or three stems to focus on, then cut off their leaves to prevent damage from frost. Wrap each stem with lightweight blankets or insulation, securing them with old plastic bags to keep moisture out.
Finally, cover the entire plant in a large plastic rubbish bag until all risk of frost has passed in the spring. By taking these steps, you’ll be giving your hardy banana a head start on the growing season, which can result in twice as much growth as if the plant were allowed to die back above ground or cut back entirely. This extra care will reward you with a stronger, more resilient plant that’s better equipped to handle whatever Mother Nature throws its way.
Clumping Bamboo
Bamboo is often associated with invasive species that quickly take over gardens and neighboring spaces. However, there’s another type of bamboo that’s just as impressive, yet much more contained. Clumping bamboo is a tropical variety that grows tall without spreading uncontrollably. If you’re looking for a hardy option, consider the mountain variety which can thrive in temperatures as low as -15°F.
The striking features of bamboo are its upright culms, which can be trimmed to maintain a visually appealing appearance. Cut back any tired or dull culms to ground level to revitalize the display. For an especially dramatic effect, eliminate drooping, bent, or damaged culms, leaving only the stately ones standing tall.
Elephant Ear
The striking size of elephant ear leaves is undeniably tropical, with their impressive foliage evoking a sense of exotic warmth. What’s equally fascinating is that these dramatic-looking plants actually originate from humble tubers. Surprisingly, these versatile tubers can thrive in various soil types, making them a great addition to any garden.
When growing elephant ears in cooler climates, however, there is one crucial consideration: as soon as the first frost sets in, carefully dig up the tuber and store it indoors until spring arrives, when you can replant it with renewed vigor.
Giant Rhubarb
For those looking to add a touch of the exotic to their tropical garden, Gunnera manicata, also known as giant rhubarb, is an excellent choice. This striking plant thrives when grown in large containers, allowing you to easily relocate it indoors during the dormant season to a garage or shed. As it’s only hardy down to Zone 7, if you choose to plant it directly into the ground, be prepared to lift and store it in peat moss over winter, ensuring its survival.
Hardy Hibiscus
Spend the effort to cultivate hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos, H. laevis, and their hybrids) and you’ll be handsomely rewarded with massive blooms, measuring up to a plate-sized diameter. This tropical-looking beauty requires full sun and sufficient water supply to produce vibrant flowers in shades of blue, purple, red, pink, or white. What’s even more impressive is that this plant is surprisingly hardy, thriving as far north as Zone 4.
Caladium
While hibiscus thrives in sunny conditions, caladium (Caladium spp.) is a tropical delight that prefers shadier areas and can add a pop of color to your landscape. This bulbous perennial comes in a variety of hues and has a unique requirement for its survival – it loves moist soil. As the days shorten and temperatures drop, it’s time to prepare caladium for dormancy. Wait until daytime temps hit the mid-50s Fahrenheit (around 13°C) before carefully digging up the bulbs.
Allow them to dry out for about a week, then remove any remaining foliage and store the bulbs in a dry, well-ventilated area at a consistent temperature of around 60°F. This will give them the rest they need to come back strong next spring.
Hardy Fuchsia
The most common type of fuchsia, which people are familiar with, is distinct from the hardy fuchsia (Fuchsia magellanica). This species can grow up to 10 feet tall and nearly as wide. While both varieties boast lovely pendulous flowers, a key difference lies in their hardiness. Hardy fuchsia is perfectly suited for USDA Growing Zone 6, whereas other types may require more coddling. To thrive, this plant requires consistent moisture and protection from the intense afternoon sun.
Trumpet Vine
Trumpet vine (Campsis spp.) thrives when provided with a sturdy structure to climb upon, its vibrant yellow, orange, and red flowers creating a stunning tropical display. While it can tolerate full sun, this vigorous vine is surprisingly hardy, tolerating temperatures as low as Zone 5. Additionally, trumpet vine proves remarkably resilient in poor soil conditions, making it an excellent choice for those with less-than-ideal growing conditions.
Although it may take a couple of years to fully establish itself and bloom profusely, the wait is well worth the reward.
Toad Lily
The Tricyrtis hirta, also known as the toad lily, is a versatile and hardy perennial that thrives in warm and humid climates, yet surprisingly tolerates temperatures as low as Zone 4. What’s more impressive is its ability to bloom vibrantly in shaded areas, making it an excellent choice for gardeners seeking a flowering groundcover. The plant’s striking pink flowers bear a remarkable resemblance to orchids, earning it a coveted spot among enthusiasts of tropical and shade-garden designs.
Passionfruit/Passionflower
While not a true tropical plant, passionflower exhibits tropical characteristics, particularly during its blooming period before fruiting begins. The maypop vine is surprisingly resilient, capable of withstanding temperatures as low as -20°F. With adequate water and plenty of sunlight, this striking vine will thrive, eventually producing delectable fruit that drops from the stem. Its tropical flavor profile only adds to its allure.
Jelly Palm
Butia capitata, often referred to as the jelly palm, is an exceptionally hardy species that can thrive in surprisingly cold temperatures, with a tolerance for lows of 10°F. In cooler climates, this tropical palm tends to remain compact, reaching heights of around 10 to 20 feet. For added control over its size and growth, growers may also choose to cultivate jelly palms in containers, which further limits their vertical expansion.
Notably, the fruit produced by jelly palms shares a remarkable similarity with passion flower’s fruit, and is often used to create sweet treats such as jams, jellies, or even fermented wine.
Fig
While many fig tree varieties are sensitive to cold temperatures and thrive in warmer climates, there are a couple of hardy options that can tolerate Zone 5 conditions. For those living in colder regions, consider planting ‘Chicago Hardy’ or ‘Violette de Bordeaux’, two cultivars that are capable of withstanding very cold temperatures.
These fig trees are relatively low-maintenance when it comes to soil and growing conditions, allowing you to enjoy a bountiful harvest of delicious, tropical fruit even in the chilliest of climates.
Daylilies
While often mistaken for lilies, daylilies are a fantastic choice for creating a tropical-inspired garden in cooler climates. These perennials require minimal upkeep once established, and newer cultivars have been bred to be less invasive. One of the best things about daylilies is their adaptability – they can thrive in various soil conditions and even tolerate cold and salty environments.
And as an added bonus, daylilies are edible, making them a unique addition to your garden that can provide both visual appeal and culinary benefits.
Bird of Paradise
The Mexican Bird of Paradise thrives in warm and tropical climates, but it’s surprisingly resilient when it comes to cooler temperatures. In fact, it can tolerate lows as chilly as 24 degrees Fahrenheit. However, if you live in an area prone to frost, consider growing this species in containers that can be easily relocated indoors during the colder months.
Hosta
For those looking to add hostas to their colder climates, there are certain cultivars and hybrids that thrive in these conditions. ‘Dancing Queen’ and ‘Lakeside Shore Master’ are two excellent examples. These varieties prefer moist soil and partial shade, making them ideal for gardens with moderate sunlight exposure. To help them succeed in cooler temperatures, be sure to incorporate well-rotted manure into the soil when planting.
This will provide them with the necessary energy to flourish despite the colder conditions.
5 Tips For Growing Cold Tolerant Tropical Plants
While selecting the perfect cold-hardy tropical plants is a crucial initial step, there’s more you can do to ensure their survival in chillier climates. By taking these extra measures, you can enjoy thriving tropical and tropical-inspired foliage year-round, regardless of the temperature.
Mulch
In tropical environments, the thick layers of organic matter on the ground are a common sight. This is due to the rapid growth rate of plants, which shed their foliage freely. Mulching plays a crucial role in maintaining these conditions, as it helps retain moisture and warmth in the soil for a longer period, even during cooler seasons. Moreover, mulch can serve as a protective barrier for rhizomes and bulbs, preventing them from dying if left in the ground.
Water Well
When it comes to tropical regions, rainfall often arrives suddenly and intensely, with short bursts of heavy downpouring rather than a steady drizzle. Similarly, when providing hydration for your tropical plants, it’s essential to water thoroughly, allowing the soil to dry out slightly before another deep watering is necessary.
Fertilize
In tropical ecosystems, the decomposition process is accelerated, allowing nutrients to be readily absorbed by plants. Conversely, when cultivating tropical species in temperate regions, supplemental fertilization may be necessary to replicate these natural nutrient cycles. If a tropical plant-specific fertilizer is available, it’s recommended to utilize this product and adhere strictly to the manufacturer’s guidelines for application.
Talk to Experts
Engage with local experts, such as growers and sellers of tropical plants, to gain valuable insights into the specific requirements of these species. Many tropical plants thrive in controlled environments, and understanding their unique needs can significantly boost your chances of success when growing them in cooler areas. Additionally, your local extension office is an excellent resource, offering expert advice and guidance on best practices for cultivating a wide range of plant species.
Winterize Your Plants
When selecting cold-hardy tropical plants, it’s essential to consider their individual needs during harsh winter weather. Some species will require relocation indoors when temperatures plummet, while others may need pruning to a height of just above ground level and a thick layer of mulch for insulation. To ensure the health and survival of your chosen varieties, take the time to research and understand the specific requirements for each type, as this can significantly impact their well-being.