While many gardeners may overlook tarragon, this hardy perennial herb is a hidden gem that deserves a spot in your kitchen. Not only does it present a relatively low-maintenance growing challenge, but its mild and slightly anise flavor also lends itself to a multitude of culinary uses. From elevating hollandaise and béarnaise sauces to pairing well with fish, cheese, and egg dishes, tarragon leaves are the perfect addition to many recipes.
Its sweet aroma, reminiscent of fresh-cut hay, is an added bonus. The herb’s Latin name, ‘dracunculus,’ translates to ‘little dragon,’ likely due to the coiled shape of its roots, which resemble sleeping snakes. With a rich history dating back to Hippocrates and the Middle Ages, tarragon has been a trusted medicinal herb for centuries. This article will delve into the world of growing tarragon, providing you with all the reasons why you should plant it in your herb garden without delay.
Tarragon Varieties
Two varieties of tarragon exist, each with its unique characteristics. The more commonly used variety in cooking is known as German or French Tarragon, prized for its delicate flavor and aroma. In contrast, Russian Tarragon may not be as highly sought after for culinary purposes, but it can still add a pop of color and interest to the garden setting.
German and French Tarragon (Artemesia Dracunculus Sativa)
In the realm of cooking, there exists a distinct culinary variety known as French or German tarragon, depending on the region. This specific type can only be propagated through cuttings, making it a unique find for those seeking to incorporate its flavor into their dishes. Characterized by an abundance of essential oils, French tarragon is renowned for its exceptional aroma and taste, making it the perfect choice for culinary enthusiasts looking to elevate their cooking game.
Russian (Artemisia dracunculoides Pursch)
While Russian tarragon may not boast the same level of flavor as its French counterpart, its coarser leaves and grassy undertones can actually be a boon in certain contexts. Notably, Russian tarragon produces seeds with relative ease, making it a more accessible option for propagation. Moreover, its medicinal properties are well-documented, offering an added layer of utility in the kitchen.
Visually, the lighter green hue and spiky texture of Russian tarragon’s leaves can still provide a pleasant contrast to other herbs in your garden.
Mexican Tarragon (Tagetes lucida)
Mexican tarragon, a member of the marigold family, thrives in the deep southern regions where it assumes perennial status. Interestingly, this herb is sometimes used as a suitable alternative to its French counterpart.
Planting Tarragon
When it comes to cultivating tarragon, propagating through cuttings proves to be the most effective method. For those looking to start from scratch, taking a cutting and allowing it to root is a straightforward process. Alternatively, many garden enthusiasts opt for purchasing a mature plant from a local nursery or botanical store.
Soil Requirements
For optimal growth, tarragon thrives in loamy soil with a pH level ranging from 6.3 to 7.5, which is rich in compost. Heavy soils can hinder its development, so if you’re working with clay-based soil, consider adding sand and well-rotted manure to improve the texture. On the other hand, sandy soil may benefit from an infusion of compost to enhance its water retention capabilities. Ultimately, tarragon requires a well-drained earth environment to flourish.
Sun Requirements
Zones
Stem Cuttings
To propagate by stem cutting, start by preparing a six-inch flower pot filled with seedling soil mix. Don’t forget to drill some drain holes in the bottom of the pot to prevent waterlogging. Then, place three to four cuttings, each about four inches long, into the pot. For optimal results, ensure the container has sufficient humidity by wrapping it in a plastic bag and placing it on a tray. Finally, position the setup in a warm location with good air circulation.
Root Cuttings
Tarragon propagation via root cutting is a straightforward process that requires some basic steps. To start, dig up the roots of your tarragon plant during its dormant period. Then, snip off sections of the root that are roughly pencil-thick and 3-6 inches long – these will serve as your cuttings. Next, prepare a seedling flat filled with potting soil and create shallow trenches (about half an inch deep).
Place the cuttings horizontally in these trenches, making sure they’re well-covered but not suffocating. Mist them gently with a water bottle to maintain humidity, then cover the setup with a plastic lid or glass sheet. Check on your cuttings daily to see if any have started sprouting – when this happens, you can remove the covering and keep the soil consistently moist.
Finally, once several sprouts have emerged and root hairs are visible, it’s time to transplant your newly-propagated tarragon plants.
Growing From Seed
To propagate Russian tarragon, you can begin by sowing seeds indoors about a month before your region’s last expected frost date. As the germination rate is relatively low, it’s essential to plant multiple seeds per pot – ideally four – and ensure each seed has good contact with the soil. Simply place the seeds on top of the potting mix and gently push them in. Lightly cover the seeds with more soil, mist the surface to maintain moisture, and wait for emergence.
Typically, you can expect to see new growth within 10-12 days.
Transplanting
When transplanting tarragon, wait until the threat of frost has passed. To ensure a strong start, maintain consistent moisture levels in the soil until the herb is well-established and thriving.
Spacing
When it comes to growing this particular herb, it’s essential to select a location that receives full sun and enjoys good air circulation. The ideal spacing for planting is 18-24 inches between individual plants, with an additional 24 inches separating each row. This will provide the necessary room for the plant to reach its full height of up to three feet tall, as it has a tendency to grow quite spindly.
Container Growing
When it comes to cultivating tarragon, one crucial factor that can’t be overlooked is the soil’s drainage. This herb excels in environments where the soil is well-drained, which is why raised beds and containers are ideal settings for its growth.
Caring for Tarragon
Watering
When cultivating tarragon, it’s essential to avoid overwatering, as this can lead to mildew issues. As young plants mature, they typically require minimal moisture. In fact, tarragon is an excellent choice for xeriscaping in the southwest due to its ability to thrive with infrequent watering. Only irrigate your plant when the surrounding soil has become thoroughly parched.
Mulch
When the seasons start to shift, it’s essential to prepare your tarragon plants for the chillier temperatures ahead. A thick layer of mulch applied in the fall can make all the difference. Not only will it protect the roots from freezing and thawing, but it’ll also help regulate soil temperature and retain moisture. This is particularly crucial in northern climates where harsh winters can be unforgiving to tender herb plants like tarragon.
Pruning
The lovely Tarragon plant boasts a charming display of dainty, pale green blooms. To encourage robust leaf development and overall health, it’s essential to remove the sterile flowers as they emerge. Regular pruning will not only promote lush foliage but also help direct the plant’s energy towards producing more desirable growth.
Division
When it’s time to rejuvenate your plants, typically every three to four years, spring is the ideal season for dividing them. Begin by cutting off the older, woody roots, and retain the smaller ones with shoots attached – these can be replanted. Repot the divided plants in four-inch pots filled with a seedling soil mix, ensuring they receive consistent moisture. Provide shade for the first two weeks to encourage root development.
After this period, inspect the roots for signs of well-developed root hairs; once they’ve emerged, your plants are ready to be transplanted back into the garden.
Fertilizer
For most herbs, including tarragon, regular fertilizing is unnecessary. Instead, in the spring, remove the mulch layer and add a one-inch thick blanket of high-quality compost. This will provide the necessary nutrients for healthy growth. Additionally, 2-3 times during the growing season, apply seaweed extract to further enhance the plant’s development.
It’s essential to exercise caution when fertilizing herbs, as excessive nitrogen can negatively impact the concentration of essential oils and ultimately reduce flavor. As such, it’s crucial to avoid over-fertilization.
Problems and Solutions for Growing Tarragon
While tarragon is generally resilient to pests and diseases, it’s not entirely immune to issues. While rare, some gardeners may encounter minor setbacks.
Tarragon Rust and White Rust
The telltale signs of rust disease manifest as bright yellow or snowy white spots on leaf surfaces, which can have a profound impact on plant growth. To mitigate the effects of infection and prevent future occurrences, it’s essential to remove any infected leaves from the affected plants. Additionally, adopting a watering strategy that involves delivering water at the base of the plants in the morning allows foliage to dry out during the day, thereby reducing the likelihood of rust developing.
Powdery Mildew
Tarragon plants can be plagued by powdery mildew, a fungal infection that manifests as a white, powdery coating on the leaves. To combat this issue, it’s crucial to remove any infected foliage immediately and dispose of it properly to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, applying a fungicide specifically designed for plants can help to further mitigate the effects of powdery mildew and promote healthy growth.
Root Rot
When grown in ideal conditions, tarragon can be susceptible to root rot caused by excessive moisture or fungal infections in the soil. A common symptom of this issue is the presence of mushy, black roots on affected plants. To address this problem, it’s essential to remove the impacted plant from its potting medium, carefully washing and inspecting the roots. Any severely damaged roots should be trimmed away to prevent further decay.
After addressing the root rot, fill the original planting hole with fresh soil and replant the tarragon, taking care to ensure proper drainage and aeration in the future.
Companion Plants for Tarragon
When cultivating tarragon, consider pairing it with chives and sage, as they share similar growing requirements. This combination can also benefit from the natural pest-repellent properties of tarragon, which can be particularly effective when paired with eggplant. In fact, many insects are deterred by the distinct aroma emitted by this herb. For added benefits, you may also find that growing tarragon alongside thyme, tomato, and pepper yields positive results.
However, it’s essential to note that certain plants, such as endive and artichoke, should not be planted in close proximity to tarragon due to potential negative interactions.
Harvesting and Storing
When harvesting tarragon leaves, it’s best to pluck the tops of the plants just before they flower, which typically occurs 40-60 days after transplanting. To preserve the leaves, cut a few sprigs and wrap the end with a rubber band, storing them in a cool, dark place for several days. They can be kept fresh for up to two weeks in the crisper part of the refrigerator. While tarragon is often used fresh, it can also be dried or frozen for later use.
Air drying is the most effective method for preserving the essential oils and flavor. However, drying in a dehydrator or oven may reduce the potency. In addition to its culinary uses, tarragon has been used medicinally to treat indigestion, menstrual issues, and toothaches. It’s also a good source of potassium. As with any herbal remedy, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult with their healthcare provider before consuming tarragon for medicinal purposes.
Cooking with Tarragon
Tarragon, a staple in French cuisine, is often used in sauces, chicken, fish, and egg dishes. Its subtle flavor makes it an excellent addition to many recipes, particularly those featuring vinegar. To create a tarragon-infused vinegar, simply gather several fresh sprigs of the herb and gently roll them with a rolling pin to release their essential oils. Place the leaves in a mason jar or decorative container with a tight-fitting lid, and pour in white vinegar until the leaves are fully covered.
Store the mixture in a cool, dark place for three weeks to allow the flavors to meld. After three weeks, remove the leaves and discard them, leaving you with tarragon-infused vinegar that can be stored for up to six months on your pantry shelf. For an added layer of flavor, try incorporating tarragon into recipes like Gordon Ramsay’s mushroom, leek, and tarragon pasta dish.
If you’re looking to add even more versatility to your cooking repertoire, consider growing your own tarragon – this fuss-free herb is easy to cultivate and can expand your culinary options in countless ways.
