Mint’s versatility knows no bounds – from the classic juleps on Derby Day to soothing hot tea during a cold spell. But it’s not just a tasty treat; mint also boasts impressive health benefits and can even quench your thirst on a sweltering summer day. This incredibly easy-to-grow herb is an absolute must-have for any garden, with its uses ranging from flavoring dishes to providing natural remedies.
While it’s true that mint can be considered invasive if not properly contained, the key to successful cultivation lies in careful planning and planting. With minimal effort required, growing mint is a low-maintenance process. And did you know that mint is part of a vast family that includes bee balm, basil, catnip, and oregano? In this guide, we’ll delve into the world of true mints like peppermint, spearmint, and apple mint, exploring their unique characteristics, colors, and scents.
Whether used as a lush groundcover in edible landscaping or adding a pop of color to your herb garden, there’s a wide range of varieties to choose from.
Mint Varieties
Peppermint (Mentha piperita), the traditional flavoring mint, is renowned for its adaptability and ability to thrive in a range of environments, from full sun to partial shade. Its robust, rich flavor makes it a staple in many culinary applications. A variegated variety features cream and white colored splotches on its leaves, adding an attractive touch to landscaping or flower beds. While this variant is slightly more sensitive to direct sunlight, peppermint as a whole is a hardy plant.
Spearmint (Mentha spicata), on the other hand, boasts bright green leaves and produces lavender flowers on six-inch stalks. The ‘spear’ reference pertains to its pointed, serrated leaves. Morning sun locations are ideal for this variety, which is sensitive to excessive direct light. Spearmint differs from peppermint in several key ways, making it a unique addition to any garden or culinary endeavor. Apple mint (Mentha suaveolens) is my personal favorite.
Its light and refreshing flavor profile makes it an excellent choice for iced tea, and I often combine it with lemon balm for added depth of flavor. Apple mint thrives in warm weather and does best in zones 5 and above. It’s tolerant of sunny locations provided it receives adequate watering and has good soil. Lavender mint (Mentha x piperita ‘Lavender’) is distinguished by its reddish stem, reminiscent of peppermint, but boasts a distinct lavender scent.
This versatile herb is well-suited for desserts, teas, and potpourri, and its hardiness in zones 3-9 makes it an attractive option for many gardeners. Lavender mint grows to approximately three feet tall and produces lovely lilac flowers during the summer. Basil mint (Mentha x piperita f. citrata ‘Basil’) boasts a subtle basil scent, making it an ideal choice for pesto or melon salads. This variety excels in part shade or full sun, offering flexibility in terms of growing conditions.
Chocolate mint (Mentha x piperita ‘Chocolate’), while its chocolate flavor is subject to debate, undoubtedly possesses a slightly earthy/chocolate aroma when its leaves are bruised. Its dark-green leaves and darker stems set it apart from other peppermint varieties. Preferring partial shade, this hardy plant thrives in zones 5-9.
How to Plant Mint
Mint’s natural habitat is characterized by cool temperatures, high humidity, and partial shade, typically found near creeks, rivers, and wetlands. Once it takes root in a favorable environment, mint tends to thrive and can be quite persistent. This adaptability can be either an asset or a liability when cultivating it in your garden, depending on your specific needs and circumstances.
Soil and Sun Requirements
While mint can be quite particular about its soil conditions, it’s surprisingly adaptable when it comes to light exposure and hardiness. Mint prefers well-drained, nutrient-rich soil with a pH ranging from slightly acidic (5.6) to neutral (7.5). However, this versatile herb is more than happy to thrive in a variety of environments. It can tolerate partial shade or even full sun, although some varieties may become longer and more slender if they’re not receiving enough light.
As for hardiness, mint plants typically flourish in zones 3-11, depending on the specific type.
Where to Plant Mint
When cultivating mint, it’s essential to consider its invasive nature. This hardy herb spreads rapidly through underground rhizomes and roots, making it crucial to contain its growth. One effective method for controlling mint’s spread is to plant it in a container. This will prevent it from taking over other areas of your garden.
If you prefer to grow mint directly in the ground, you can achieve this by sinking a 10-gallon container into the earth, leaving at least 2 inches of the container above ground level. This method has been proven effective for containing the roots and preventing escape. An alternative approach is to use cement blocks or other containment systems dug down at least two deep.
To ensure healthy growth and proper spacing, mint plants should be planted 12-24 inches apart in the garden or container. A minimum container width of 12 inches is also recommended to accommodate the mature size of the plants.
Starting Mint From Seeds
Mint can be propagated through seeds, cuttings, or purchased plants. However, it’s essential to note that mint doesn’t always grow true-to-type from seed. As such, seed packets are often labeled as ‘common mint.’ To start mint from seed, begin by sowing the seeds indoors in pots a few weeks prior to transplanting. Germination typically takes up to two weeks, with optimal temperatures ranging between 65-75°F. A crucial factor for successful germination is light exposure.
Simply press the seeds gently into a moistened potting mix and maintain a consistent level of humidity. Once seedlings have reached an impressive height of three to four inches, accompanied by robust leaf growth, it’s time to transplant them into the garden. Alternatively, you can direct-sow seeds in the garden at a depth equivalent to one-quarter inch once the risk of frost has diminished.
Start From Cuttings
If you’re thinking of growing mint but aren’t sure what to expect, ask your friends if they have any spare plants. A great way to test the waters before planting is to conduct a taste test with their mint. Mint is surprisingly easy to propagate through cuttings, which can be taken from a friend’s plant or even purchased at a nursery. To take a cutting, simply snip off a 6-inch section of stem and if possible, try to get some roots as well – this will make the rooting process much easier.
Once you have your cutting, lay it horizontally on top of a pot filled with soil and gently cover it with a thin layer of dirt. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Alternatively, you can also root your cuttings in a glass of water before transferring them to a garden bed when they’ve developed roots that are 3-4 inches long.
Buying Mint
When it comes to growing mints, one approach is to start with a purchased plant from your local nursery. Many garden shops offer a diverse selection of mint species, allowing you to explore different fragrances before making a decision.
The advantage of buying a mint plant is the opportunity to experience its distinct aroma firsthand. Different mint varieties boast unique scents, providing a sensory exploration that can help inform your choice.
Growing Indoors
Mint’s adaptability to indoor environments makes it an ideal house herb. To cultivate mint indoors, choose a well-draining potting mix that includes vermiculite for optimal growth. Position the plant near a window receiving indirect sunlight and maintain consistent moisture levels in the soil. Additionally, mint benefits from regular fertilization; consider applying an organic fertilizer like fish emulsion on a monthly basis to promote healthy development.
How to Care for Your Mint Plants
Watering Mint
When it comes to mint’s watering needs, one thing is certain: this herb thrives in environments with consistently moist soil. To ensure its well-being, especially during periods of drought or dry weather, provide supplementary water as needed. Implementing a layer of mulch can also play a crucial role in conserving water and keeping the leaves clean.
Fertilizing Mint
To nurture mint’s growth, it’s essential to provide it with regular nourishment. While a single annual application of compost is sufficient, consider supplementing this with a slow-release fertilizer in the spring to give your mint a boost as it begins its growing season.
Pruning Mint
Mint requires approximately 70 days to reach full maturity. However, you can begin harvesting leaves as soon as the plant becomes established. As it grows, your mint plant will develop a robust, bush-like appearance, reaching heights of around three feet at maturity. When the flowers on your mint plant start to bud, be sure to prune them off, as they tend to divert energy away from the leaves. You can utilize these cut flowers in herbal teas or potpourri.
On the other hand, if you have bees visiting your garden or wish to attract pollinators, it’s perfectly fine to leave the flowers intact. In the fall, prior to the onset of hard frost, consider trimming your mint plants back to a height of around six inches. This simple step will help them conserve energy during the winter months and grow even bushier the following year.
Mint Problems and Solutions
While mints are generally resilient, they’re not immune to the challenges posed by pests and diseases. A few common afflictions can impact their health and productivity.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew, a common fungal disease, can swiftly spread and impede plant growth. Its presence is often characterized by white splotches or discoloration on leaves. The culprit insects behind its propagation include aphids and other sap-sucking pests.
To effectively prevent the onset of powdery mildew, it’s crucial to maintain optimal air circulation within your garden. This can be achieved through regular weeding, adequate plant spacing, and judicious watering practices.
Instead of overhead irrigation, consider using drip irrigation systems if you’ve already noticed signs of powdery mildew in your garden.
Mint Rust
While the name suggests a connection to mint, it’s crucial to recognize that this type of rust is specifically tied to mint plants. As with powdery mildew, it’s essential to exercise caution and avoid this issue altogether, taking proactive measures to prevent its occurrence.
Whitefly
Whiteflies, tiny but troublesome insects, can also wreak havoc on mint when grown in enclosed environments like greenhouses or hoop houses. These pests are notorious for hiding under the leaves of your mint plants, thriving in warm and humid conditions that make them a significant problem in regions with high humidity.
Aphids
Tiny spider mites are known to wreak havoc on plant health by causing leaves to wilt and stifle growth. In the event of an infestation, it’s crucial to take swift action. First, remove any affected plants from the soil or pruning shears to prevent further damage. Next, employ a gentle yet effective method like spraying off aphids with water. For more severe cases, consider using canola oil or neem oil sprays as a natural and environmentally friendly solution.
Thrips
While thrips may primarily cause cosmetic issues by distorting growing mint leaves, their most concerning impact is spreading diseases. To prevent these pesky insects from wreaking havoc on your mint crop, avoid planting it near onions and garlic, as these plants can attract thrips. Additionally, consider applying a layer of mulch around the affected area to deter thrips and create an inhospitable environment for them.
Cutworms
To mitigate the impact of cutworms, it’s essential to take proactive measures when cultivating mint plants. These pests are notorious for severing plant stems at the soil level, leaving behind unsightly holes in the leaves. To discourage them from targeting your mint crops, consider incorporating fall tillage into your routine. This involves turning over the top six inches of soil to disrupt any existing cutworm habitats.
Additionally, apply a thin layer of diatomaceous earth around the base of your plants to create an inhospitable environment for these unwanted visitors.
Anthracnose
Mint’s fungal disease causes significant damage by forming lesions on its leaves and stems as it grows. The condition tends to thrive in environments with frequent rainfall, allowing it to spread rapidly. When an outbreak occurs, it’s crucial to remove any infected plants entirely to prevent the disease from spreading further.
If left unchecked, copper sprays can be used to control the issue, but it’s essential to use them judiciously, as excessive application can have detrimental effects on beneficial microorganisms in the soil.
Companion Plants for Mint
When dealing with the pesky white cabbage moth, consider planting mint nearby to naturally repel the pest. This companion plant is particularly effective when paired with cabbage and tomatoes. If you’re experiencing issues with this moth species, try incorporating mint into your garden alongside other compatible vegetables.
Some of the best companions for mint include:
Cabbage – a classic pairing that can help keep white cabbage moths at bay
Broccoli – another cruciferous vegetable that benefits from mint’s presence
Persimmon – a sweet and tangy fruit tree that thrives with mint nearby
Yarrow – a flowering herb that repels pests and attracts beneficial insects
Potato – a staple root vegetable that can benefit from mint’s pest-repelling properties
Petunia – a colorful annual flower that enjoys the company of mint
Tomato – a popular fruiting plant that benefits from mint’s natural repellents
Squash – a versatile summer squash that pairs well with mint
Eggplant – a heat-loving vegetable that can benefit from mint’s pest-repelling abilities
Brussel sprouts – a cool-season crop that enjoys the company of mint
Bell peppers – a sweet and crunchy vegetable that thrives with mint nearby
Lettuce – a crisp and refreshing leafy green that benefits from mint’s presence
Kohlrabi – a cross between cabbage and turnip, which can benefit from mint’s pest-repelling properties.
On the other hand, some plants to avoid planting near mint include:
Chamomile – whose strong scent can overpower mint’s natural repellents
Parsley – a biennial herb that doesn’t pair well with mint
Garlic – whose potent aroma can disrupt mint’s pest-repelling abilities
Onion – a member of the Allium family that can compete with mint for water and nutrients.
Harvesting, Storing and Using Mint
When it comes to harvesting mint, timing is everything. The ideal time to collect the leaves is early in the morning when they’re at their peak oil content and flavor. Younger leaves are particularly prized for their tender texture and robust flavor profile. To ensure you don’t damage the plant, use sharp scissors or pinch off individual leaves or stems as needed. To maintain the mint’s health, limit your harvest to one-third of the plant per month during the growing season.
This will give the plant time to recover and continue thriving. For long-term storage, keep the harvested mint in the refrigerator with the cut ends submerged in water or wrapped in a damp paper towel. Alternatively, you can freeze the leaves by placing them in ice cube trays filled with water. This will help preserve their flavor and aroma for later use.
Recipes
Mint is an indispensable herb in any kitchen, and its versatility knows no bounds. When added to salads, its sweet and refreshing flavor elevates the dish to new heights. But mint’s pairing possibilities extend far beyond leafy greens – it pairs particularly well with roasted fish and lamb dishes, adding a burst of freshness to these rich flavors.
Beyond the traditional tea-based drinks, mint can also be used to add a twist to lemonade, fruit punch, and even juleps, making it a staple in many springtime celebrations. And if you find yourself with an abundance of mint on hand, consider preserving some as mint jelly – a sweet and tangy condiment that’s perfect for winter dishes. And don’t overlook the delightful addition candied mint leaves bring to desserts. Sweet and sticky, they add a surprising depth to even the simplest treats.
Mint as Medicine
Mint’s therapeutic properties are well-documented, showcasing its ability to inhibit bacterial and viral growth within the body. Additionally, it effectively relieves digestive issues such as gas and indigestion. One of the most straightforward ways to harness mint’s benefits is by brewing a soothing tea. To do so, steep 2 teaspoons of fresh leaves or 1 teaspoon of dried leaves in a tea infuser for approximately 10 minutes to unlock its full potential.
This remedy is particularly effective on days when digestive troubles are prevailing. Mint also proves to be an excellent natural alleviant for morning sickness. Furthermore, I find that mint tea works wonders in combatting stuffy noses. Whenever I wake up feeling congested, a cup of mint tea always clears my sinuses and gets me going. Interestingly, mint has a reputation for repelling various pests, including mice, cockroaches, deer, and ants.
Its pulegone content is often featured in natural insect repellents. In fact, I’ve found that having several mint varieties scattered throughout my garden keeps the unwanted visitors at bay. Even on hot summer days, I enjoy curling up with a good book near one of my mint patches, as the refreshing aroma provides a pleasant respite.
