Lavender, a Mediterranean native, has transcended its geographical boundaries thanks to its captivating aroma and multifaceted uses. Its distinctive scent is omnipresent in perfumes, potpourri, and soaps, evoking a sense of serenity and relaxation. However, lavender’s utility extends far beyond its intoxicating fragrance. The herb boasts an array of culinary applications, while its medicinal properties make it a valuable addition to any apothecary.
Even in the absence of practical uses, lavender’s visual appeal makes it a stunning addition to any garden. When grown, lavender attracts beneficial insects like bees and butterflies, and many varieties exhibit remarkable resistance to deer and rabbits. Moreover, its pungent scent effectively repels unwanted pests such as mosquitoes, mice, and moths.
The fragrant herb is equally at home in containers or integrated into edible landscaping, with a single mature plant capable of yielding up to 400 stems per season. If you’re ready to incorporate lavender into your garden, we’ll guide you through the entire process.
Lavender Varieties
Lavender’s diversity is showcased through five distinct categories: English, French, Hybrids, Egyptian, and Spanish varieties. Each group exhibits specific growing and climatic requirements, making it essential to select a type that aligns with your garden’s unique conditions. While all types share the characteristic of producing flowers on spikes during summer months, their hues range from traditional purple and blue to pink and white.
Notably, the grey-green foliage remains evergreen throughout the winter season.
English Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)
English lavender is an excellent choice for gardeners in zones 5-8, offering a reliable and hardy option for those living in cooler climates. Among its popular varieties is Munstead, a beloved English type that boasts stunning blue-purple flowers. This taller variety stands at around 18-24 inches, making it perfect for creating beautiful bouquets and fragrant sachets. Its rich fragrance is not only pleasing to the senses but also particularly potent.
For those seeking added visual interest in their gardens, Munstead’s striking blooms are sure to delight. Additionally, Silver Mist offers an alternative with its unique silver foliage that adds beauty even when it’s not in bloom, creating a captivating display throughout the growing season.
French Lavender (Lavandula stoechas)
French lavender’s leaves are characterized by their grayish hue and serrated edges, making it a visually distinct species from its English counterpart. Its growth habits are adapted to zones 7-10, where it thrives in well-draining soil without the need for extreme cold hardiness. Notably, this variant has pointed leaves that impart a subtle fragrance.
Its tolerance of sandy soils and ability to flourish in rock gardens and along pathways make it an excellent choice for those seeking low-maintenance, visually appealing additions to their landscaping. Among its notable varieties is Goodwin Creek Grey, which excels in rocky terrain and containers alike. This variety requires a warm environment to truly reach its full potential.
Spanish Lavender (Lavendula stoechas subsp. pedunculata)
In the realm of lavender, Spanish lavender takes center stage as the true southern belle, thriving in zones 7-10. What sets it apart is its remarkable tolerance for humidity, a trait that eludes many lavender varieties. Its unique blooms take on a pineapple shape, while emitting a refreshing eucalyptus-like fragrance. This lovely type of lavender is particularly suited to humid climates and can be grown in containers or directly in the ground.
In stark contrast, Anouk boasts large, showy flowers accompanied by a sweet, floral scent. Not only does it possess natural deer- and rabbit-repellent properties, but it also performs well in containers or perennial beds, making it an excellent choice for gardeners seeking low-maintenance options.
Egyptian Lavender (Lavandula multifida)
Fernleaf lavender, also referred to as fern leaf lavender, is a type that boasts a unique characteristic – its relatively short lifespan compared to other varieties. This type thrives in dry conditions and can even tolerate some shade, making it an excellent choice for gardeners who want to add some visual interest without having to worry about intense sunlight.
One of the standout features of fernleaf lavender is its lovely peppery aroma, which is sure to delight anyone with a keen sense of smell. When it comes to growing conditions, fernleaf lavender prefers zones 5-9 and produces vibrant, deep violet flowers that are particularly well-suited for culinary use. Whether you’re looking to add some fresh flavor to your recipes or simply want to bring some beauty into your garden, fernleaf lavender is definitely worth considering.
Hybrids (Lavendula x Intermedia)
Lavandin hybrids combine the desirable traits of two lavender plant types, resulting in unique characteristics. One popular variety is Provence, known for its intensely fragrant flowers that thrive in poor soils and humid environments. This makes it an excellent choice for crafting purposes such as sachets or potpourris.
Another option is Thumbelina Leigh, a compact plant that grows to be approximately 10-12 inches tall.
It excels in rock gardens and along pathways, filling the air with its sweet scent. If you’re looking for a low-maintenance addition to your outdoor space, this variety might be ideal.
For those who want a more resilient option, Phenomenal is worth considering. This hardy variety can withstand a broad range of temperatures, from the chill of winter to extreme heat. It’s also disease-resistant, making it a top choice for gardeners.
The rich purple flowers not only attract beneficial insects but are also high in essential oils, making them perfect for craft projects.
Fringed Lavender (Lavandula dentata)
The French lavender, also known as Royal Crown, boasts lance-shaped leaves with a distinctive woolly texture. Its fragrance is robust, with the foliage itself emitting a pleasant aroma that combines notes of lavender and rosemary. This compact plant is surprisingly resilient to cold temperatures and produces long-lasting purple flowers.
Planting Lavender
To cultivate lavender effectively, it’s essential to provide the right environment for the plant to thrive. Lavender requires an abundance of warmth and sunlight, as excessive moisture can be detrimental to its growth. Additionally, ample space is crucial for the plant to sprawl freely, allowing it to spread out its roots and foliage naturally. Furthermore, lean soil with moderate nutrient levels is ideal, as lavender tends to do poorly in rich or overly fertile soils.
Sun and Temperature Requirements
Lavender is a sun-loving plant that thrives in areas with excellent air circulation and at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. This Mediterranean native has a strong affinity for warmth, making zones 5-9 its ideal growing range.
While lavender may not be suitable for colder climates, there are some creative workarounds to consider. By placing the plants near a south-facing stone wall, you can harness the natural heat and light.
Additionally, using stone mulch or rocks around your plants can help trap warmth and create a microclimate that’s more conducive to lavender growth.
Soil Requirements
To cultivate lavender, it’s essential to replicate the conditions it thrives in naturally. As a Mediterranean native, this plant loves warm, well-draining soil with a sandy or rocky texture. If you’re working with heavy clay, incorporating some sand or small rocks can help improve drainage. For optimal growth, raised beds are also an excellent option, as they facilitate air circulation and prevent waterlogged soil.
When it comes to pH levels, lavender prefers slightly alkaline conditions, with a range of 5.8-8.3 being ideal. If your soil falls below this mark, you may need to add lime to raise the pH.
Growing Lavender From Transplants
When it comes to planting lavender, most enthusiasts opt for transplanting rather than sowing seeds directly into the ground. To access a wide range of varieties, you can explore online resources or visit your local garden store, which typically carries more common options like Munstead and Provence. For northern climates, wait until the danger of frost has passed before planting transplants in the soil.
In warmer regions, such as those with mild winters, November is often a suitable time for transplanting lavender.
Growing Lavender From Seeds
To successfully germinate lavender seeds, it’s essential to plan ahead. Begin by preparing your seeds three months prior to the expected transplant date. Start by planting them in peat pots, positioning them at a depth of 4-6 inches. This will help minimize transplant shock when they’re eventually transferred to the garden. Use a light seed starting mix and ensure the soil is pre-moistened before sowing.
Given the tiny size of lavender seeds, simply add a small pinch to each pot and gently press them into place. Next, cover your seed tray with a plastic lid or enclose it in a garbage bag to maintain a consistent level of humidity. Place the tray in a cool location – such as a refrigerator – for a period of four weeks. Lavender requires this initial cool dormancy phase before it will begin germinating.
Once the cool period has passed, remove the cover and relocate the plants to a warm room with supplementary grow lights. It typically takes around one week for them to start sprouting. Finally, plant them outside when they’ve reached a height of 5-6 inches.
Spacing Lavender
When it comes to planting lavender, it’s essential to provide sufficient space for the plants to thrive. Unlike some species that can tolerate being crowded together, lavender requires a bit of breathing room. Aim to give each plant 2-3 feet of personal space, with rows spaced 3-6 feet apart. If you live in an area prone to humidity, it’s even more crucial to provide extra space for the plants to circulate air and prevent moisture buildup.
By giving lavender the room it needs, you’ll help promote healthy growth and reduce the risk of fungal diseases that thrive in humid environments.
Growing Lavender in Containers
When cultivating lavender, factors like climate and weather conditions can be challenging. A simple solution is to grow them in containers, which allows for flexible placement and protection from harsh elements. French lavender varieties are particularly well-suited for container growing.
To start, choose a container with at least 12-inch depth and drainage holes to prevent waterlogged soil. Add a layer of rocks or gravel at the bottom to facilitate proper drainage.
Then, fill the container with a well-draining potting mix amended with sand to provide stability. Finally, place your lavender plants in a sunny spot, taking note that if you’re located in an area with limited winter sunlight, supplemental grow lights may be necessary.
In addition to providing the right environment, it’s crucial to monitor and adjust the soil pH level.
Lavender prefers slightly acidic conditions, so adding a small amount of lime every month can help maintain optimal plant health.
Caring for Your Lavender
Water Needs
When introducing lavender to its new environment, it’s essential to provide it with adequate hydration. Water the plant thoroughly once a week until it becomes well-established. After that, you can reduce watering to around an inch per week, but only during periods of drought or extreme dryness. Lavender has adapted to survive in arid conditions and is naturally resistant to dry spells, making it less dependent on frequent watering.
Fertilizing Lavender
When it comes to nurturing lavender, a key consideration is avoiding over-fertilization. In fact, this fragrant herb doesn’t require fertilizer at all! A simple yet effective approach is to add a yearly layer of well-rotted compost directly to the soil surface in your lavender bed. This will provide the necessary nutrients for healthy growth without promoting excessive leaf development and sacrificing flower production.
Mulching Lavender
When it comes to caring for lavender, it’s essential to consider its sensitivity to cold temperatures. To provide the necessary protection during the winter months, a layer of insulation around the base of the plants can be beneficial. A suitable option would be small chipped wood mulch or pea gravel, which can help regulate soil temperature and prevent root damage.
It’s crucial to ensure that the mulch doesn’t touch the plant stems or roots, allowing for adequate airflow and preventing moisture accumulation.
Pruning
To maintain a lush and thriving lavender display, effective pruning is crucial. This process should be carried out twice a year – immediately after the plant finishes flowering and again at the onset of fall. As lavender has a naturally bushy growth pattern, regular trimming is necessary to preserve air circulation between plants, thereby promoting healthy development.
Common Lavender Pests & Problems
One common issue that lavender faces is the negative impact of dampness and stagnant air. In order to prevent these problems, it’s essential to ensure that there is sufficient room for each plant to breathe and thrive. By providing ample space between plants, you can help to promote healthy growth and minimize the risk of issues caused by poor air circulation.
Root Rot
Root rot, a devastating disease affecting plant roots, is often caused by pathogens that ravage the plant’s vital infrastructure. By the time symptoms become apparent, the damage is usually extensive. To prevent root rot from taking hold, it’s essential to maintain well-draining soil conditions and allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering sessions.
Black Mold
Lavender, a popular herb often used in aromatherapy and potpourri, is surprisingly sensitive to water. In fact, excessive moisture can lead to black mold, a fungal growth that resembles soot from a fire. To prevent this issue, it’s essential to keep pests at bay using natural methods like neem oil, which can help spread the mold. Additionally, providing plants with sufficient space and air circulation can also go a long way in preventing mold growth.
Whitefly and Aphids
Whiteflies and aphids are two common pests that can wreak havoc on your plants. The whitefly’s affinity for plant sap can hinder growth, while aphids have the potential to spread disease from one plant to another. Fortunately, there are several methods you can employ to control these unwanted visitors. A simple yet effective approach is to hose down your plants with water and physically remove any bugs you find. For added protection, consider spraying your plants with neem oil.
Spittlebug
When you notice white soapsud-like foam on your lavender plants, it’s likely an infestation of spittlebugs. While these pests don’t typically cause significant harm to the plants themselves, they can still weaken them if left unchecked. To combat the issue, simply spray off the offending insects using water or, for a more potent solution, prepare a homemade spray.
To concoct this natural pest control, combine 5 cloves of chopped garlic with 1 cup of water and 1 tablespoon of liquid soap.
Add in 1/2 cup of jalapeno or habanero peppers, finely pureed. Once the mixture is smooth, simply sprinkle it evenly over your lavender plants to keep those spittlebugs at bay.
Alfalfa Mosaic
The alfalfa mosaic virus has devastating effects on plant health, causing stunted growth and distorted morphology. To prevent its spread, it’s crucial to target the primary vector: aphids. When using tools for weeding or pruning, make sure to sanitize them in a solution of 1 part bleach to 10 parts water to minimize the risk of transmission. Additionally, maintaining a weed-free environment is vital to reducing the virus’s impact.
Lavender Shab
Phomopsis lavandula is a fungal pathogen that wreaks havoc on lavender stems, inducing wilting and withering in affected shoots. A telltale sign of its presence is the emergence of small black structures from the bark of established plants. If you spot it, prompt removal and proper disposal of infected plants are crucial to prevent further spread. While it’s still a threat, the good news is that Phomopsis lavandula has become relatively uncommon in recent times.
Xylella Fastidiosa
Lavender plant enthusiasts, beware! A certain type of bacteria can wreak havoc on your prized plants, causing leaf scorch and wilted foliage that can be fatal if left unchecked. In extreme cases, it can even lead to the demise of an entire plant within a single growing season. To prevent this devastating outcome, it’s essential to take proactive measures. First, remove and dispose of any infected plants to prevent the spread of the bacteria.
Additionally, keep pests and weeds at bay by maintaining a healthy garden environment.
Companions for Growing Lavender
Lavender is a versatile herb that can thrive in the company of various plants. When paired with rosemary and sage, it forms a harmonious trio that requires similar care. The pleasing aroma of lavender also has an added benefit – it repels unwanted pests like flies, mosquitoes, and beetles. This natural repellent property makes it an excellent companion for cabbage and cauliflower, which can be susceptible to the cabbage moth.
Additionally, planting lavender around apple trees can help deter the codling moth. Beyond its ornamental uses, lavender also complements a range of flowers, including Black Eyed Susans, asters, pentas, and hyssop. Its deer-resistance properties make it an attractive addition to hosta beds. Lavender’s versatility extends even further when paired with vegetables like broccoli, plum, peach, and cherry.
Other plants that benefit from lavender’s company include petunia, mint, apple, sage, rosemary, and thyme.
Harvesting and Using Lavender
When harvesting lavender for oil production, it’s essential to collect the buds when about one-half to one-third of them are open. This ensures you’re capturing the optimal amount of fragrance and aroma. For best results, perform your harvest early in the morning, cutting the stems low on the plant at a point roughly two inches from the stalk. This approach helps preserve the delicate volatile oils that give lavender its unique character.
To dry the harvested lavender, hang it in a warm, dry spot away from direct sunlight for 2-3 weeks. This gentle drying process will help to slow down the degradation of the oils and preserve their potency. As an alternative, you can keep cut lavender stems alive for several days by placing them in a jar filled with water. This simple trick will allow you to enjoy your freshly harvested lavender for a bit longer.
Cooking with Lavender
The subtle charm of lavender makes it an excellent addition to various culinary creations. In the world of beverages, its unique flavor profile blends seamlessly with sweet tea and lemonade. For a more refined experience, try infusing one teaspoon of dried lavender in a diffuser for 10 minutes to create a soothing tea, or add it to sparkling water with a touch of sugar for a refreshing summer spritzer.
Lavender’s versatility extends beyond desserts and drinks, as it also pairs delightfully with meats like turkey and chicken. When it comes to baked goods, the herb shines particularly well in sweet treats like scones and cakes. A personal favorite is the Lemon Lavender Greek Yogurt Pound Cake, which is sure to become a staple in your repertoire of must-have recipes.
Lavender as Medicine
Lavender’s therapeutic capabilities extend far beyond its calming aroma. This versatile herb is renowned for its ability to alleviate a range of ailments, including anxiety, insomnia, headache, and chronic pain. Its antimicrobial properties also make it an effective natural remedy against bacterial and fungal infections.
Furthermore, lavender oil has been shown to possess remarkable healing properties – just a few drops can help soothe canker sores, while a gentle massage can provide relief from menstrual cramps.
Lavender Around the Home
The allure of lavender extends far beyond its visually appealing appearance and sweet fragrance. When utilized in various ways, this versatile herb can create a sense of serenity and calmness. In the bathroom, try placing dried lavender behind the showerhead, allowing the steam to release its aromatic oils and fill the air with a soothing scent. Alternatively, incorporate lavender into your bath soap for a relaxing experience after a long day.
Additionally, adding fresh-cut bouquets adorned with lavender to your dining room table can create a fresh and clean ambiance. Lavender’s many benefits make it an herb worth exploring further. With its medicinal properties and culinary applications, this sweet-smelling flower is more than just a pleasing aroma – it’s a natural way to promote relaxation and well-being.
